Sunday, August 17, 2014

guru guha vaibhavam - Raga and Tala

Dikshitar followed the mela paddhati (a system of classifying ragas) devised by Venkatamakhi, to whose school he belonged. In handling the vivadi melas, Dikshitar followed Venkatamakhi and avoided unharmonious expressions, prayogas.Further, since Kharaharapriya was not a part of venkatamakhi’s scheme, there is no known composition of Dikshitar in that raga. The twenty-second melakarta was Sri Raga; the mangal kriti of Navavarana series is composed in Sri Raga. Again, Venkatamakhi tradition treated Bhairavi and Anandha Bhairavi as upanga ragas; so did Dikshitar.


 Some scholars opine that Dikshitar’smajor service to Carnatic music is that he gave expression to nearly 200 ragas of Venkatamakhi. He also breathed life into a number of ancient ragas that were fading away. Several ancient ragas found a new lease of life though Dikshitar’s kritis. To name a few of them:Mangalakaisiki, Ghanta, Gopikavasanta, Narayana Gaula,Sulini, Samantha, maargadhesi and mohana naatta. Even today their lakshanas are illustrated mainly through Dikshitar’s creations.
 
There are many ragas which are employed only by Dikshitar; for instance; Saranganata, Chhaya Goula, Poorvi, Padi, Mahuri, Suddhavasanta, Kumudakriya, and Amritavarshini. In Dwijavanti, Chetasri and Akhilandeshwari stand out in solitary splendor.


He transformed many Outhareya, the Hindustani ragas into Carnatic form through his creative genius.His interpretation and rendering of ragas like Dwijavathi, Ramkali, and Yamakalyani, Hamirkalyani, and Brindavan sarang are highly original and creative. He made them into his own. His Cheta sri is so wonderfully well adapted to Carnatic raga_bhava that one scarcely notices the Outhereya traces in its character. He took in the best aspects of the other system, transformed them and enriched both the systems. 
 
Shankarabharanam scale appears to have been his forte; there are as many as 96 kritis based on that scale. The kritis in Harikambhoji scale number about 63; while 57 kritis are in Kharaharapriya scale. He had a special affinity for Mayamalava_gaula in which he composed about 51 songs. The derivatives of that scale such as Saalanga Nata, Paadi and Mangala Kaishiki would have been lost but for Dikshitar.
 
Taala:

Dikshitar was accomplished in the matter of talas, the rhythmic patterns. He is the only composer to have set his music in all the seven basic taalas. He employed all the Saptha Talas in his Vara-Stutis i.e. a song for each day of the week.  He is said to have used ten improvised varieties of taalas in his compositions. The majority of his compositions are set in Adi (190) and Rupaka (139) taalas. 


 
 
P.S. Padithadhil pidithadhu

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