Sri Muthuswamy Dikshitar's Guruguha Vibhakti Krithis
The period from
1750 to 1850 A.D was the golden era in the development of South Indian Carnatic
Music. It was during this period the
Sangeetha Trimurtis, Syama Sastri, Thyagaraja and Muthuswamy Dikshitar who were
contemporaries, lived and composed their immortal krithis.
Sri Dikshitar composed his
first set of 8 compositions after receiving the grace of
Sri Subramanya. These compositions
are named Sri Guruguha Vibhakti Krithis
Early Life of Sri Muthuswamy Dikshitar, and
his initiation into Sri Vidya Upasana & Blessing by Lord Subramanya at
Tiruttani: This marked the
Beginning of his life as Composer, and Devotional singing of his first set of compositions.
Special Features of his first composition “Sri Nathadi Guruguho” and use of Mudra – Guruguha
to express his sincere devotion to his “Ista Daivam and Adi Guru, Guha
or Sri Subramanya”
Explanation of Vibhakti Structure used in Guruguha Vibhakti Krithis
In
Sanskrit language, the relationship between noun and verb is indicated by a case-ending
added to the noun. This is called
Vibhakti.
Equivalents
in English are:
Prathama:
(Nominative Address - Oh Guru) Guruguho Jayati
Dwithiya:
(Accusative – The Guru) Guruguha Rupam
Trithiya:
(Instrumental – By Guru) Sri Guruna Palitosmi
Chaturthi:
(Dative - To / For Guru) Guruguhaya - Namaste
Panchami:
(Ablative - None Other Than Guru) Guruguhäd - Anyam
Sashti: (ive – Belonging to Guru) – Sri
Guruguhasya Dasoham
Sapthami
– (Locative – On Guru) – Guruguha Swamini
Sambhodana
– Address – Sri Guruguha Murte
Another
Krithi in Sambhodana Vibhakthi is Sri Guruguha Tarayasumaam.
Vibhakti
is very extensively used in Sanskrit.
In this presentation, name Sri Guruguha is the Noun,
and Verb is Sri Dikshitar’s feelings and actions associated with worship of his
Guru.
Sri Dikshitar also composed other Samudaya or group
krithis using the Vibhakti structure.
In
Guruguha Vibhakti krithis, Sri Dikshitar expresses his feelings as a sincere Devotee to his
Guru Lord Guruguha. He refers to Sri
Guruguha in the First Krithi Sri Natadi Guruguho as “Cidanandanatha” and
Pranava Swarupa.
List of Krithis: Sri Guruguha Vibhakti kritis are as follows.
- Sri Nathadi Guruguho (Mayamalava Gowlai, Adi) in prathama vibhakti. This is also Dhyana Krithi
- Manasa Guruguha (Anandabhairavi, Rupakam) in dvitiya vibhakti.
- Sri Guruna Palitosmi (Paadi, Roopakam) in tritiya vibhakti.
- Guruguhaya (Sama, Adi) cathurthi vibhakti.
- Guruguha Dhanyam (Balahamsa, Jhampa) panchami vibhakti.
- Guruguhasya Dasoham (Purvi, Misra Chapu) sashti vibhakti.
- Guruguha Svamini (Bhanumati, Khanda Triputa) saptami vibhakti.
- Sri Guruguha Murte (Udayaravichandrika, Rupakam) sambodhana vibhakti.
- Sri Guruguha Tarayasumam – (Shudda Saveri – Rupakam)Another Krithi in Sambodhana Vibhakti
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF KRITHIS
Sri Guruguha Vibhakthi are the
first set of Krithis composed by Sri Dikshitar., but since is composed with
Divine Grace and Vision of Sri Guruguha Himself, the compositions are
exceptional in terms of:
Ø Depth of Knowledge regarding various subjects: Sri
Vidya, Vedanta, Ashtanga Yoga, Astrology and Music.
Ø Exceptional usage of Ragas based on Asampurna Mela
Padadi, very intricate use of the Guruguha and Raga Mudra. Use of Rare ragas
Ø
Each composition – Glorifies the Guru,
starting with Guru Sri Subramanya.
Dikshitar selected the mudra “Guruguha” to honor his Divine Guru.
Ø
Compositions exalt the importance of a
Guru and Lineage of Gurus: as pertaining to the Natha tradition
(This is explained in each related section).
Ø
Use of Vibhakti Structure shows the relationship between the Guru
(Sri Subramanya) and Devotee (Sri Dikshitar).
Use of Vibhakti structure also indicates the Spiritual Progression of
the Devotee, in the Process of Self Realization.
Ragam: Mayamalavagaula / Talam: Adi
P: sri nathadi guruguho jayati jayati shri
/cidananda nathoham ti santatam hrdini bhaja
sri nathadi guruguho jayati jayati - Victory to Lord Guruguha,
who is adored by all Gods, including Vishnu.
cidananda
nathohamiti santatam hrdini bhaja: Oh Mind, constantly contemplate on the
fact that you are the Cidanandanatha.
A: nanaprapahnca vicitrakaro namarupa panca bhutakaro agnyana dvanta
prachanda bhaskaro gnyana pradayako maheshvaro dinavano dyukta divyataro
divyaughadi sakala deha dharo manasanandakara caturataro mad guruvaro mangalam
karotu
He
is the originator of the diversified world. He manifests as five elements, the
named and formed ones. He is the mighty sun, destroying the darkness of
ignorance. He bestows of spiritual knowledge, and is the Maheshvara. He is the
divine Kalpaka Vriksha for the afflicted ones, he who is adept at granting
happiness to the heart of His devotees. May my Guru bless me.
C: mayamaya vishvadhisthano matmaka kadi matanusthano malini
mandalanta vidhano mantradyajapa hamsa dhyano mayakarya kalana hino mamaka
sahasra kamalasino madhurya ganamrta pano madhavadyabhaya varapradano
mayashabalita brahma rupo marakoti sundara svarupo matimatam hrdaya gopuradipo
mattashuradi jayapratapo mayamalavagauladi desha mahipati pujita pada pradesha
madhavadyamara brnda prakasha maheshasya maharthopadesha
He is the substratum of this illusory world. He is invoked through
the mantra beginning with Ka and ending with Ma. He resides in the center of
the Malini Chakra. He is an expert at
obliterating Maya (the illusion) of worldly existence. He resides in the thousand-petal Lotus of the
Sahasrara Chakra with his Divine presence. He who enjoys the nectar of
mellifluous music, he provides shelter and boons to Madhava and others. He is
one who’s Divine form “Brahmasvarupa” is veiled by Maya, he whose beauty
exceeds that of crores of Cupids. He
shines as the light in heart of devotees. He is the one who vanquished the
proud Shurapadman and Asuras. He who
shines surrounded by Vishnu and other Gods.
Sri Guruguha is the one who gave “Pranava Upadesham” to His father
Mahesha.
Special Features of his first composition “Sri Natadi Guruguho”
In a deep Meditative state Sri
Dikshitar sang his first composition in Sri Subramanya
Temple at
Thiruthani. Sri Nathadi Guruguho Jayati
Jayati” Krithi is composed in Mayamalava
Gowlai, the first ragam in which the Abhyasa Ganam is taught. The Prathamabyasa is indicated in the first
line of the composition. Aarohanam and
Avarohanam of Mayamalva Gowlai is sung in all 3 speeds, within the one
Sangathi.
1st
kalam 2nd Kalam 3rd Kalam
S,,,
,, R,,, G,,, M, / P, D,
N, S / ,,
ND P MG R
S
Sri Na
tha di / Guru Gu ho / ,,
Jayati Jayati Sri
First sangathi begins with plain
notes and Gamakam is added in additional Sangathis.
Sri Nathadi Guruguho was followed
by second krithi Manasa Guruguha.
This marked the beginning of his
life as a Great Trinity Composer of Carnatic Music. He composed all his Krithis with Lakshya,
Lakshana, Sangeeta, Sahitya and great devotion.
In honor of his Adi Guru, Sri Subramanya, Sri Dikshitar chose the Divine
name of the Lord
“Guruguha” as Mudra in all his
compositions. Thus the first set of Krithis is called Guruguha Vibhakti
Krithis.
In
Prathama Vibhakti – Sri Dikshitar contemplates on Sri Guruguha and makes a direct
appeal for his Grace and to grant him, his Divine Presence, and protect
him. The Krithi is a description of
Guruguha’s Divine attributes with adjectives, and his devotion to the lord. Sri
Dikshitar states to himself “May my Guru Bless me”.
·
mayamaya
vishvadhisthano
·
mamaka
sahasra kamalasino
·
madhavadyamara
brnda prakasha maheshasya maharthopadesha
Sri Guruguha is the Source and Substratum of the illusionary
world. He is also one who removes the
Veil of Maya by divine grace. He dwells
in my heart, giving happiness. Having given
Pranava Upadesham to Shiva, Sri Guruguha is Embodiment of Pranava and the
ultimate goal to be attained in life.
P.S. Divine! Bliss! Worth a share.
Courtesy:
Geethamrutha Music School
Sri Dikshitar’s Guruguha Vibhakti Krithis & Sri Syama Sastri Life
& Compositions
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